Friday, November 9, 2012

What is Institutional Critique?

Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists' Writings
What was institutional critique?

Blake Stimson

Stimson, Blake. "What Is Institutional Critique?" Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists' Writings. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2009. 21-41. Print. 

Date: 10/8/2012

List of primary claims made in this reading:

Historically, institutions reflect and/or define societal constructs and expectations, as such, institutions, including art institutions, are political agencies “that devise constraints that shape human interaction.” (Pg. 21)

Once an institution is established its service to society and purpose as an institution is undisputed. As a result, institutions are not held accountable for upholding their commitment to the socialist implications of institutionality, in which “social thinking, institutional thinking, class thinking, ... could be made available to consciousness” leading to “self-realization” through the social practice of “self-abstraction” – negating individuality in order to achieve greater human (as species) potential.  (Pg. 22, 25)

Institutional critique as an artistic genre aims to hold institutions accountable to “it’s commitment to the old promise of institutionality,” was “born in protest against the changes in the way we think about and experience institutions.” To do this, institutional critique publically examined institutions’ relations with privatized, capitalist industries that disregarded the institutional aim for greater human potential, stagnating or settling for “average” as an institutional/human experience. (Pg. 26, 29)

Stimson argues that with the evolution of technology and “peer-to-pear social organizations,” grand institutions – government, religion, museums - that served as “hierarchical social organizations that aided and abetted social life” are no longer the primary stage for public debate and societal consensus, making the need for institutional critique debatable since the platform for self-realization became a global platform, not just an institutional one.  (Pg. 32)

I think it’s important to take note and question institutional restrictions, perimeters, and expectations in your own practice because you might inadvertently be supporting and perpetuating discrimination, exclusiveness, political abuse, etc. Institutional critique initiates public awareness and education as an art practice, which reintroduces the public as key members of instituionality, which I believe is key in holding both parties accountable to the aim for institution to be a service to society.

Key Quotes:

“Once an institution becomes established it becomes autonomous” and, thus, “outstrips its function, it’s ends, and it reason for existing.” As a result, what could have been seen as an ensemble of institutions in service of society becomes a society in the service of institutions.” (Pg. 22)

“It is commonplace to assume institution to be “the rules of the game in society or, more formally, …the humanely devised constraints that shape human interaction.” (Pg. 21)

“When the laborer co-operates systematically with others…he strips off the fetters of his individuality, and develops the capabilities of his species.” (Pg. 25)

“Typology was itself social thinking, institutional thinking, class thinking, and it was only as such that the truth of class could be made available to consciousness, even if it occasionally devolved from meaningful abstraction into philosophical, political, and anthropological.” (Pg. 27)

“The substance or purpose or meaning of the institution of art has always been this battle line, and institutional critique as a genre – like modernism as a whole – routinely attempted to reverse that precess of unbecoming, to call art back to the sociality of its expression, to wrench it away from the overwhelming dehumanizing process of becoming a “social hieroglyph” or “fantastic form of a relation of things.” (Pg. 30)

What is sometimes not adequately appreciated is the origin of this tactic – an thus of modernism as a whole – in capitalism, itself, in experiencing oneself as a commodity, as a quantum of labor defined not by human self-realization but instead by its relational position in “a given state of society, under certain social average conditions of production, with a given social average intensity, and average skill of the labor employed.” (Pg. 29)

“Today, just as yesterday, art wants to save us from death a living image of our passions and our sufferings.” (Pg. 36)

“The great irony and great surprise, for our purpose, is that, contrary to Burger and the period anti-institutionalism that his study grew out of, that institution would come to be most powerfully defended, articulated and renewed b the art development that presumed to the greatest degree of institutional self reflexivity – that is, what we all have come to call ‘institutional critique.’” (Pg. 24)

List of facts/stats discussed in this reading:

In regards to “renewed surge of corporate institutionality” and “shift from public accountability and public enfranchisement toward private gain and limited accountability,” 1973 tied to three significant events: the OPEC oil embargo, the Chilean coup, and the found of the Heritage Foundation.  (Pg. 32)

Institution critique was arguable from 1968 – 1989.

Questions of the reading?

Is institution critique still necessary? Do we agree with Stimson in believing it is outdated in the way institutions are outdated?

Do institutions influence our “human interactions” and play an active role in defining “social life?”

Do peer-to-peer organizations later evolve into institutions, making them at-risk for privatization and limited accountability?

Were institutional critiques effective? Are their quantifiable results that are evidence of their effectiveness?

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